Undavalli caves

 The Undavalli caves were originally built as Buddhist monasteries (vihara) for monks to use as rest houses, and the architecture reflects this. They were later occupied and developed by Jains and Hindus, leading to a blend of artistic styles. 

The architectural layers at the Undavalli Caves include:
  • Buddhist Influence: The layout of the first floor resembles a vihara, with primitive rock-cut monastery cells. There are also Buddhist artworks and a large, 5-meter-long reclining Buddha statue (which some also identify as Lord Vishnu) carved from a single block of granite.
  • Jain Influence: The first-floor abode still retains a Jain style and includes sculptures of Tirthankaras.
  • Hindu Influence: After the decline of Buddhism, the caves were converted into a Hindu temple complex. The main shrine is dedicated to Ananta Padmanābha (a form of Vishnu in a reclining posture) and Lord Narasimhaswami. The walls feature sculptures of various Hindu gods and goddesses and frescoes depicting mythological stories. 
Today, the caves are centrally protected national monuments managed by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and are a testament to India's long history of religious coexistence. 

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